A Cross-section of a fungal fairy ring (FFR) transect providing a visual representation of the mycelial mat distribution in the soil, with arrows representing growth direction B FFRs of Agaricus crocodilinus in Monte Pratello subalpine grassland, Rivisondoli, Abruzzo, Italian Apennines. (Photo by Franco Carnevale) C FFR of Amanita vittadini in managed grassland of Reggia di Caserta, Campania D FFR caused by Agaricus arvensis in species rich managed grassland of Monte Rogedano, Marche E FFR of Infundibulicybe geotropa in Quercus cerris woodland of Atina, Lazio, (Photo by Tiziana Pagnani) F soil of subalpine grassland affected by fungal front of Calocybe gambosa FR in Monte Mutria, Campania Italian Apennines. On the left, soil densely occupied by mycelial mat, on the right unaffected soil.