FFRs classification according to habitats and effects on vegetation. Sph and Ecm abbreviations in the diagram refers to FFRs formed by saprotroph and ectomycorrhizal fungi, respectively.

 
 
  Part of: Zotti M, Bonanomi G, Mazzoleni S (2025) Fungal fairy rings: history, ecology, dynamics and engineering functions. IMA Fungus 16: e138320. https://doi.org/10.3897/imafungus.16.138320