The sequential stages of symbiosis between plants and AM , starting from signal exchange with the release of strigolactones by the plant, to hyphal branching and colonization, leading to the establishment of arbuscules within root cortical cells for nutrient exchange.

 
 
  Part of: Ahmed N, Li J, Li Y, Deng L, Deng L, Chachar M, Chachar Z, Chachar S, Hayat F, Raza A, Umrani JH, Gong L, Tu P (2025) Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation. IMA Fungus 16: e144989. https://doi.org/10.3897/imafungus.16.144989