Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Cetraria aculeata (a, d, g, j) and Diploschistes muscorum (b, c, e, f, h, i, k, l): a, b lichen thallus; d, e, g, h thallus cross sections in light microscope; j, k thallus cross-section in SEM; c grain of quartz sand surrounded by fungal hyphae; f, i, l calcium oxalate crystals on thallus surface. Black arrows indicate melanin pigments, red arrows indicate calcium oxalate crystals and yellow asterisks indicate grains of quartz sand trapped inside the thallus.

 
 
  Part of: Skubała K, Chowaniec K, Kowaliński M, Mrozek T, Bąkała J, Latkowska E, Myśliwa-Kurdziel B (2025) Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere. IMA Fungus 16: e145477. https://doi.org/10.3897/imafungus.16.145477