IMA Fungus 8(2): 219-244, doi: 10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.02
Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal
Thomas Jung‡, Marília Horta Jung‡, Santa Olga Cacciola§, Thomas Cech|, József Bakonyi¶, Diána Seress¶, Saveria Mosca#, Leonardo Schena#, Salvatore Seddaiu¤, Antonella Pane§, Gaetano Magnano Di San Lio#, Cristiana Maia«, Alfredo Cravador«, Antonio Franceschini», Bruno Scanu»‡ Mendel University, Phytophthora Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic§ University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy| Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Vienna, Austria¶ Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary# University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Agraria, Reggio Calabria, Italy¤ Agris Sardegna, Dipartimento della ricerca per il sughero e la silvicoltura, Tempio Pausania, Italy« University of Algarve, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology and Phytopathology, Centre for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, Faro, Portugal» Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia vegetale ed Entomologia, Sassari, Italy
© Thomas Jung, Marília Jung, Santa Cacciola, Thomas Cech, József Bakonyi, Diána Seress, Saveria Mosca, Leonardo Schena, Salvatore Seddaiu, Antonella Pane, Gaetano Di San Lio, Cristiana Maia, Alfredo Cravador, Antonio Franceschini, Bruno Scanu. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits to copy and distribute the article for non-commercial purposes, provided that the article is not altered or modified and the original author and source are credited. Citation:
Jung T, Jung M, Cacciola S, Cech T, Bakonyi J, Seress D, Mosca S, Schena L, Seddaiu S, Pane A, Di San Lio G, Maia C, Cravador A, Franceschini A, Scanu B (2017) Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal. IMA Fungus 8(2): 219-244. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.02 |  |
Abstract
During surveys of Phytophthora diversity in natural and semi-natural Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal, four new cryptic species were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples. Multigene phylogeny based on nuclear ITS, ß-tubulin and HSP90 and mitochondrial cox1 and NADH1 gene sequences demonstrated that two species, P. tyrrhenica and P. vulcanica spp. nov, belong to phylogenetic Clade 7a, while the other two species, P. castanetorum and P. tubulina spp. nov, clustered together with P. quercina forming a new clade, named here as Clade 12. All four new species are homothallic and have low optimum and maximum temperatures for growth and very slow growth rates at their respective optimum temperature. They differed from each other and from related species by a unique combination of morphological characters, cardinal temperatures, and growth rates. Pathogenicity of all Phytophthora species to the root system of their respective host species was demonstrated in soil infestation trials.
Keywords
Clade 7, cryptic species, evolution, homothallic, phylogeny Phytophthora quercina, species radiation